Spain is a sovereign state located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.

​

Mainland Spain is a mountainous country, dominated by high plateaus and mountain chains, including the Pyrenees. 



Three main climatic zones can be separated, according to geographical situation and orographic conditions: the Mediterranean climate, characterized by dry and warm summers, dominant in the peninsula; the semiarid climate, located in the southeastern quarter of the country, especially in the region of Murcia and in the Ebro valley. In contrast with the Mediterranean climate, the dry season extends beyond the summer; and the oceanic climate, located in north quarter of the country, especially in the region of Basque Country, Asturias, Cantabria and partly Galicia. In contrary to the Mediterranean climate, winter and summer temperatures are influenced by the ocean, and have no seasonal drought.