Morocco is a country located in North Africa. It has a coast on the Atlantic Ocean that reaches past the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Spain to the north (a water border through the Strait and land borders with three small Spanish-controlled exclaves, Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera), Algeria to the east, and Western Sahara to the south. Since Morocco controls most of Western Sahara, its de facto southern boundary is with Mauritania.

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​Morocco can be divided into three distinct mophological areas: the mountainous area that includes the Atlas and Rif moutain ranges; the Atlantic area, made up by planes and plateaus; and a larger area with platforms and small uplands.



The maroccan climate is Mediterranean, in nearly all it's territory and is deeply influenced by the Atlantic ocean. Rainfall is centered around the coldest period of the year, between fall and spring. The dry season coincides with summer.

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In regards to the altitudinal zonation of the ecossistems in Morocco, a wide range of vegetation floors is represented, all carachteristic of the Mediterranean area.

 

An ECOREGION is a relatively large territorial spread in wich different biocenosis develop, sharing a large part of their plant and animal species. They are driven by similar dynamic processes and are subjected to close enviornmental conditions. That said, there are in Morocco two groups of ecoregions: the Mediterranean, north and northwest bound and the Saharan, south and southeast bound.



​The Mediterranean ecoregions are essentially forestry, pre-forestry, pre-Steppic and include wet forests, sclerophyll woods and Macaronesian arboreal formations.

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​The Saharan ecoregions are scatered troughout the Atlantic coast and arboreal and Steppic formations, being made up by very simple geomorphology and dominated by halo-xerophyte plants a small trees, deformed by the frequency and intensity of the winds.

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The Moroccan natural ecossistems are represented by the plant communities that include the fir of Morocco (A. maroccana), the Atlas ceder (Cedrus atlantica), the cork oak (Quercus suber), the holly oak (Quercus rotundifolia), the argan tree (Argana spinosa), the juniper (Juniperus turbinata), the Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis) and the Acacia raddiana.​



Other residual ecossistems inclued arboreal and shrub species such as the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua), the kermes oak (Quercus coccifera), the dragon tree (Dracaena draco), the wild olive (Olea oleaster), the Acacia albida or the Adenocarpus angryfolius.​